"The average dialysis patient undergoing three times weekly hemodialysis treatment is exposed to around 24,000 liters of dialysis fluid per annum."[Hoenich, Levin and Ronco, How Do Changes in Water Quality and Dialysate Composition Affect Clinical Outcomes? Blood Purif 2009;27:11-15 ]

The new Nephros Dual Stage Ultrafilter (DSU) is a .005 micron filter and can be easily adapted for use in a variety of dialysis applications.

A study of the efficacy of this point-of-use filter shows the filter will last at least 6 months. Click here to request a copy of this study. This DSU is capable of removing; Legionella, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella and Mycobacterium.

Potential areas of use include:

• Post RO/DI to polish the water (acute units)
  
  
• After the bicarb mixer on the bicarb central feed line (controls bacteria)
  
  
• One on the RO line and one on the bicarb line, just as they enter the dialysis machine. This will help clinics get to "Ultrapure" dialysate. Ultrapure dialysate can help lower infection rates and provide a better dialysis treatment.
  
  
• Use with reuse machines (Renatrons) to provide ultrapure water when cleaning the dialyzer.


• Installing DSU Dialysis Click here

Nephros Receives 510k Approval for Dual Stage Ultrafilters
Nephros, Inc.

Ultrapure Water / Dialysis

EPO Savings with Ultrapure Water and Dialysate
The pending changes to hemodialysis reimbursement require the dialysis community to evaluate where costs can be controlled. 

Installing DSU Prior to Dialysis machine

How Do Changes in Water Quality and Dialysate Composition Affect Clinical Outcomes?
Dialysis relies upon the transfer of waste products and electrolytes across a semi-permeable membrane contained in the dialyser facilitated by the dialysis fluid, a fast-flowing electrolyte solution prepared continuously by the mixing of treated water with a concentrated electrolyte solution.

Ultra Pure Water free of endotoxins and bacteria for Dialysis Center Applications.
The DSU rids water of microbial contaminates. Microbial contamination of dialysate can originate from the water treatment system, the water distribution loop, the dialysate concentrated, or the dialysate proportioning system of the the dialsis machine itself.

Ultrapure Dialysate:What is it and should everybody have it?
Richard A. Ward, Ph.D.

Ultrapure Dialysate Reduces Plasma Levels of ß2-Microglobulin and Pentosidine in Hemodialysis Patients
Ryuichi Furuyaa, Hiromichi Kumagaib, Masaaki Takahashic, Koji Sanoa, Akira Hishidad

Inflammation and dialysate quality
Ralf SCHINDLER
Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charite´-Campus Virchow-Clinic,
Berlin, Germany

Dialysate related cytokine induction and response to recombinant human erythropoietin in haemodialysis patients
Thomas Sitter, Albrecht Bergner and Helmut Schiffl
Department of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany

Water Treatment / Biofilm / Endotoxins

Clinical Effect of Purification of Dialysis Fluids, Evidence and Experience
Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin , Germany

F-FC312 Dialysate Endotoxin Level and Mortality of Hemodialysis Patients in the United States Based on the DOPPS
T. Hasegawa, R. L. Pisoni, J. L. Bragg-Gresham, S. Fukuhara, T. Akizawa, A. Saito, D. Goodkin, E. Young, B. M. Robinson, F. K. Port Fujiyoshida Municipal Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan; Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan; Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI; Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA

Water treatment and monitor disinfection
Gianni CAPPELLI, Marco RICCARDI, Salvatore PERRONE, Moreno BONDI, Giulia LIGABUE,
Alberto ALBERTAZZI Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena, Modena, Italy

Biofilm in dialysis water systems
Basically, a biofilm is formed when a structure or a surface has a growth on it of a community of active microorganisms.

Hemodiafiltration

Improvement of Anemia in Hemodialysis Patients Treated by Hemodiafiltration with High-Volume On-Line-Prepared Substituion Fluid
Giuseppe Bonforte Paolo Grillo Simona Zerbi Maurizio Surian

The relevance of convection in clinical practice: A critical review of the literature
Pietro POZZONI, Salvatore Di FILIPPO, Celestina MANZONI, Francesco LOCATELLI
Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy